Uji Efektivitas Shampo Antikutu Rambut Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annonna muricata L.) Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Pediculus humanus capitis atau kutu kepala merupakan ektroparasit penyebab pedikulosis pada manusia. Selama ini kutu kepala dapat dimatikan dengan obat pedikulus kimiawi yaitu Hexachlorocyclohexane 0,5 % tetapi menimbulkan efek samping timbulnya reistensi serangga terhadap insektisida. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui daun sirsak mempunyai kandungan acetogenin diantaranya asimisin, bulatasin, squamosin, saponin, flavanoid dan tannin yang digunakan sebagai insektisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat efektivitas shampo ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap mortalitas kutu rambut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan shampo ekstrak daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5% pada 10 sampel kutu yang telah memenuhi syarat uji viskositas, cycling test (Organoleptik, Homogenitas, pH, dan tinggi busa,).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa shampo ekstrak daun sirsak pada konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5% memberikan mortalitas yang baik yang diuji kurang dari 30 menit. Shampo ekstrak daun sirsak formula C memberikan tingkat mortalitas tercepat dengan waktu 10 menit. Berdasarkan uji Anova maka hipotesis diterima kemudian dilanjutkan Uji BNT dan diperoleh shampo ekstrak daun sirsak pada konsentrasi 1% lebih efektif dan efisien dalam memberikan mortalitas kutu.

 Kata Kunci : Pediculus humanus capitis, Daun sirsak, Uji efektivitas antikutu, Uji BNT

ABSTRACK

 Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an ectroparasitic cause of pediculosis in humans. During this time head lice can be killed with a chemical pediculus drug Hexachlorocyclohexane 0.5% but it causes side effects of insect resistance to insecticides. Based on previous research, it is known that soursop leaves contain acetogenin including asymycin, bulatasin, squamosin, saponin, flavanoid and tannin which are used as plant-based insecticides. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract shampoo on head lice mortality. The method used in this research is the experimental method. Tests were carried out using soursop leaf extract shampoo with concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% on 10 lice samples that met the requirements of viscosity, cycling tests (Organoleptic, Homogeneity, pH, and high foam,). The results showed that the soursop leaf extract shampoo at a concentration of 1%, 3% and 5% gave a good mortality that was tested in less than 30 minutes. Formula C soursop leaf extract shampoo gives the fastest mortality rate in 10 minutes. Based on the Anova test, the hypothesis was accepted and then continued with the LSD test and the soursop leaf extract shampoo obtained at a concentration of 1% was more effective and efficient in providing flea mortality. 

Keywords: Pediculus humanus capitis, Soursop leaf, Anti-duct effectiveness test, LSD test